Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia serratifolia) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually interlocked or wavy with a fine to medium texture. Can show subtle ribbons or yellowish powder (lapachol) in the pores.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically reddish brown to yellowish olive, sometimes with black or brown streaks. It darkens significantly upon exposure to light and exhibits a low to moderate natural luster.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. High resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Naturally fire-resistant (Class A rating).
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, heavy construction, bridge building, tool handles, flooring, and exterior furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (predominantly Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 to $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and certification.
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly cut or recently surfaced; the color shows moderate oxidation typical of wood exposed to air for a few weeks to months.
Sustainability Status
CITES Appendix II listed; IUCN status varies by specific species within the group; FSC certified stock is available but often at a premium.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. It has a high blunting effect on cutters. Glues with difficulty due to natural oils. Pre-drilling for screws is mandatory.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water). Contains lapachol, which can cause skin irritation/dermatitis and turns yellow-green in the presence of alkaline substances.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically designed for exotic hardwoods are best. Hard-film finishes like polyurethane often fail or peel due to the wood's natural oils.
Identification Confidence
High; the chocolate-to-olive color, extreme density suggested by the fine surface texture, and the characteristic oily, dark face grain are hallmark features of Ipe.