Ipe (also known as Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked grain with a fine to medium texture. The sample shows visible yellow sulfur-like deposits (lapachol) in the pores, which is a classic diagnostic feature of this genus.
Color Description
Heartwood is a reddish-brown with dark streaks; sapwood is typically a yellowish-gray. It has a low natural luster and darkens significantly to a deep brown upon exposure to UV light if not sealed.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; extremely resistant to decay, termites, and wood-boring insects. It is one of the most durable timbers in the world, often lasting 25+ years in ground contact.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, heavy timber construction, flooring, tool handles, and exterior furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 - $18.00 per board foot, though often sold by linear foot for decking applications.
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively fresh milled stock; the lack of graying or heavy oxidation suggests the sample is less than 1-2 years old since being processed.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II CITES listed (effective Nov 2024); Vulnerable. FSC certification is available but requires diligent sourcing due to high rates of illegal logging.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. It has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Interlocked grain can cause tearout during planing. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Contains lapachol (a yellow powder in pores) which can cause skin irritation/dermatitis. It has a fire rating similar to concrete and steel (Class A). It is incredibly dense and sinks in water.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically designed for exotic hardwoods (high VOC/solvent based) are best. Surface films like polyurethane often peel due to the wood's density and oils.
Identification Confidence
High; the combination of the dark reddish-brown color, extreme pore density, and the unmistakable presence of yellow lapachol deposits in the grain is characteristic of Ipe.