Lignum Vitae
Guaiacum officinale / Guaiacum sanctum • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Heavy interlocked grain with a very fine, uniform texture; appears oily with a dark, olive-brown to black streaking pattern.
Color Description
Heartwood ranges from olive green to dark brown or near-black; sapwood is pale yellow. Color tends to darken and turn more green with age and light exposure.
Hardness Rating
4,500 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; extremely resistant to rot and insect attack; one of the most durable woods in existence.
Common Uses
Tool handles, bearings, bushings, pulley wheels, mallet heads, and heavy-duty marine applications (ship propeller shaft bearings).
Geographic Origin
Central America and Northern South America (Caribbean islands specifically).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$100.00 - $150.00 per board foot (usually sold by weight due to density).
Wood Age Estimate
Modern sample likely processed within the last 5-10 years; shows minimal oxidation or centuries-old patina.
Sustainability Status
CITES Appendix II listed; IUCN Red List status: Endangered. Trade is strictly regulated.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work; high density and natural oils dull cutters quickly and make gluing difficult. Turning and polishing are the preferred methods.
Notable Features
Produces a mild, perfume-like scent; high natural oil content makes it self-lubricating; it is dense enough to sink in water.
Finish Recommendations
Usually left unfinished or simply buffed/waxed; natural oils can cause lacquer or polyurethane to peel.
Identification Confidence
High; the distinctive olive-green hue, waxy surface, and extremely tight, interlocked grain are diagnostic of the Guaiacum genus.