Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Typically straight to wavy, often interlocked. This sample shows a flat-sawn surface with fine, uniform texture and very subtle cathedral-like arching of the pores.
Color Description
Heartwood is medium to dark yellowish-olive to chocolate brown with lighter or darker streaks. Sapwood is yellowish-white. It develops a silver-gray patina over time if left exposed to UV light.
Hardness Rating
3,684 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; high resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Naturally Class A fire rated.
Common Uses
Premium decking, exterior furniture, boardwalks, marine construction (docks), heavy timber framing, and high-wear flooring.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot (standard decking dimensions often sold by lineal foot at approximately $4.50-$6.00).
Wood Age Estimate
Modern sample, likely less than 5 years old based on clean edges and lack of deep oxidation or graying.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II as of 2024. Endangered in some natural ranges; FSC-certified sources are available but becoming limited.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls tools quickly; high alkaline dust can be an irritant. Requires pre-drilling for all fasteners and carbide-tipped blades.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy/dense (sinks in water); contains lapachol (a yellow powder seen in pores), which can cause skin irritation; negligible shrinkage after seasoning.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil, Messmer's). Does not take film-forming finishes like polyurethane well due to natural oils.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High; the olive-brown color, distinct density, and characteristic grain structure are highly indicative of Ipe, though Cumaru is a possible alternative.