Red Alder
Alnus rubra • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight-grained with a uniform texture; can exhibit occasional clusters of small knots known as pin knots. Usually flat-sawn when processed for lumber, showing subtle cathedral patterns.
Color Description
Heartwood and sapwood are virtually indistinguishable; initially a light tan to white color when freshly cut, rapidly turning to a reddish-brown with exposure to light and air. It has a low luster.
Hardness Rating
590 lbf (Soft)
Durability Rating
Non-durable to Slightly Durable; highly susceptible to decay and insect attack if left in contact with the ground or exposed to moisture.
Common Uses
Furniture, cabinetry, interior millwork, picture frames, electric guitar bodies, turning, and smoked wood for food.
Geographic Origin
Pacific Coastal region of North America, ranging from Southeast Alaska to Central California.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$3.50 - $6.50 per board foot depending on grade and region.
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly fallen log; approximately 15-30 years old based on bark thickness and diameter in typical riparian growth conditions.
Sustainability Status
Least Concern (IUCN); widely available and not listed in CITES appendices. Frequently available as FSC certified.
Workability
Excellent workability with both hand and machine tools. It sands very easily, glues well, and is known as a premier wood for staining due to its closed-pore structure. It is prone to denting due to low density.
Notable Features
Small, horizontal lenticels visible on the greyish bark are a diagnostic feature. The wood contains high tannin and chemicals that cause an immediate orange/red color change upon wounding. Non-toxic.
Finish Recommendations
Takes all finishes well, particularly stains and oils. A sanding sealer is recommended to prevent blotching, followed by lacquer or polyurethane for protection.
Identification Confidence
High; the smooth grey bark with horizontal lenticels, the typical riverside habitat (indicated by Horsetail/Equisetum and salmonberry nearby), and the reddish oxidation on the cut branch nub are classic indicators of Alnus rubra.