Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked or wavy grain with a fine to medium texture; often displays a very uniform, dense appearance with occasional dark streaks.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from reddish brown to a yellowish olive-gray or blackish brown; sapwood is much lighter yellow. Features low to medium luster and darkens significantly upon exposure to UV light toward a deep chocolate brown if not oiled.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, decay, and insect attack (including marine borers). Often compared to steel for fire resistance.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, flooring, tool handles, dock pilings, bridge construction, and outdoor furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Approximately $15.00 to $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade.
Wood Age Estimate
5-15 years based on the surface oxidation and fine checking patterns visible in the grain; likely used in an outdoor setting.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II (as of 2023/2024); categorized as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List due to over-harvesting.
Workability
Very difficult to work due to extreme density; has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Pre-drilling is mandatory for fasteners. Often contains yellow lapachol powder which can cause dermatitis.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water); contains natural oils and lapachol; exceptionally high fire rating (Class A/1); mild, characteristic scent when worked.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically formulated for hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil) are best to maintain color. Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling due to natural oils.
Identification Confidence
High; the deep reddish-brown hue combined with the characteristic vessel structure, extreme density appearance, and presence of fine yellow dust in pores are diagnostic for Ipe.