Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Principally interlocked and straight grain. The texture is fine to medium with a visible oily sheen; exhibits characteristic vessel lines that appear as fine dark streaks.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically a reddish brown, sometimes with greenish or yellowish hues. Sapwood is a distinct yellowish white. It darkens to a deep brown upon exposure to UV but eventually weathers to a uniform silver-gray if left untreated.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Excellent resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Known for staying structural for 25+ years in ground contact.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, docks, bridges, outdoor furniture, tool handles, and heavy construction.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 - $18.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and FSC certification.
Wood Age Estimate
The sample shows moderate oxidation and grain raising consistent with 5-10 years of exterior exposure.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II as of 2024. Endangered in parts of its range due to over-harvesting; FSC certified material is highly recommended.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. It has a high blunting effect on tool edges. Requires carbide-tipped blades and pre-drilling for all fasteners. Glues poorly due to high natural oil content.
Notable Features
Often referred to as "Ironwood" because it is so dense it sinks in water. Has a fire rating similar to concrete and steel (Class A). Contains lapachol dust which can cause skin irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (e.g., Messmer's or Ipe Oil). Surface film finishes like varnish or polyurethane will likely peel due to wood movement and oils.
Identification Confidence
High. The extremely tight grain, color, and specific application (exterior decking) are classic indicators of Ipe.
Notes
Removed from an exterior deck