Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical
Grain Pattern
Typically straight but often interlocked or irregular; fine to medium texture with a low natural luster. May exhibit yellow 'lapachol' deposits in the pores.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from reddish brown to a yellowish olive-brown or even blackish brown; often with lighter or darker streaks. Sapwood is a distinct yellowish-gray. Darkens significantly upon exposure to light.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; extremely resistant to rot, decay, and insect attacks (including termites). Widely known for its 25+ year lifespan in outdoor applications.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, flooring, docks, heavy timber construction, turned objects, and bridge building.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (primarily Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot (depending on width and supply chain availability).
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly milled/S4S lumber; modern production based on consistent thickness and machine-planed surface with minimal oxidation.
Sustainability Status
IUCN Red List: Endangered (H. serratifolius). CITES Appendix II listed as of 2024 to regulate trade due to over-harvesting. FSC certification is available but adds cost.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work due to density; has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Hard to glue due to natural oils. Pre-drilling is mandatory for fasteners. Lapachol dust can cause skin irritation.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy and sinks in water (specific gravity > 1.0). Fire resistance rating is similar to concrete or steel (Class A). Distinctive powdery yellow deposits in pores.
Finish Recommendations
Usually left unfinished to weather to a silver-gray in outdoor settings. If color retention is desired, use specialized penetrating oils with UV inhibitors (e.g., Penofin or Ipe Oil). Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling.
Identification Confidence
High. The olive-brown color, characteristic interlocked grain texture, and extreme density visible in the surface fibers are classic hallmarks of Ipe lumber.