Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia serratifolia) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually interlocked or wavy with a fine to medium texture. The sample shows a characteristic fine, slightly irregular grain common in quartered or rift segments of this species.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically reddish brown to olive-brown or almost black, sometimes with lighter or darker streaks. Lapachol deposits (yellowish powder) can often be found in the grain. It darkens significantly with UV exposure.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Excellent resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Noted for its extreme longevity in outdoor environments (up to 40+ years).
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, heavy construction, boardwalks, flooring, tool handles, and marine applications.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (specifically Brazil and the Amazon region).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 to $20.00 per board foot depending on grade and dimensions.
Wood Age Estimate
Modern cut (less than 10 years). The edges show clean mechanical cuts without significant oxidation or archaeological wear.
Sustainability Status
Recently listed in CITES Appendix II (effective late 2024); previously IUCN status varied by specific Handroanthus species. FSC certification is available but adds cost.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work. Causes rapid blunting of cutting edges due to high density and mineral content. Pre-drilling is required for all fasteners. It glues poorly due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Often sinks in water due to extreme density. Produces a fine yellow dust (lapachol) during sanding that can cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in some users.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (like Ipe Oil) are recommended. Traditional surface finishes like polyurethane often fail due to the wood's natural oils and density.
Identification Confidence
High. The characteristic olive-brown color, extremely dense grain, and visible yellow vessel deposits are quintessential markers for Ipe.