White Oak
Quercus alba • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight and coarse grain, characterized by large, open pores. End grain shows prominent, thick medullary rays that are long and distinct, typical of the white oak group.
Color Description
Heartwood is a light to medium brown, commonly with an olive cast. Sapwood is light tan to nearly white and is clearly demarcated. Will darken slightly to a more golden brown with age.
Hardness Rating
1,350 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot and decay due to tyloses in the heartwood pores which make it water-resistant.
Common Uses
Furniture, flooring, cabinetry, boat building, barrels (cooperage), trim, and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Eastern North America
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 to $10.00 per board foot depending on grade and width.
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly cut log (0-1 year post-felling) based on the presence of bark, moisture content level visible on the surface, and lack of significant oxidation.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in the CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable.
Workability
Works well with both hand and machine tools. It has a moderately high shrinkage rate, so seasoned wood is preferred to avoid warping. Reacts with iron (rusting/discoloration) if wet.
Notable Features
Distinctive tannic scent when wet; high tannin content can cause dark staining when in contact with steel tools or fasteners; contains tyloses which block liquid flow through pores.
Finish Recommendations
Takes stains and finishes well. Polyurethane or oil-based varnishes are recommended for surface protection. Sanding to higher grits may be necessary due to open grain.
Identification Confidence
High; the thick, long medullary rays visible in the cross-section, the ring-porous structure, and the characteristic flaky bark are diagnostic of White Oak.