Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked and sometimes wavy; fine to medium texture with a low natural luster.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically a deep reddish-brown or olive-brown, sometimes with darker streaks. Sapwood is yellowish-white. It tends to weather to a silver-gray patina when exposed to UV light without treatment.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, termites, and fungal decay; one of the most durable woods in the world.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, dock components, outdoor furniture, heavy construction, tool handles, and flooring.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (primarily Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on thickness and quality.
Wood Age Estimate
Based on the surface oxidation and slight weathering, this piece appears to be 5-10 years old.
Sustainability Status
CITES Appendix II listed as of 2024; IUCN status varies by species but generally considered at risk due to over-harvesting; FSC certification is highly recommended for this species.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness; has a pronounced dulling effect on cutting edges. Interlocked grain can cause tearout. Glues poorly due to natural oils; pre-drilling is mandatory.
Notable Features
Exceedingly heavy (sinks in water); has a Class A fire rating similar to steel and concrete; may contain Lapachol powder which can cause skin irritation/dermatitis.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically designed for exotic hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil) are best to maintain color; otherwise, it can be left unfinished to weather to gray.
Identification Confidence
High; the tight grain structure, characteristic olive-brown coloring, and application as exterior slats/decking are hallmarks of Ipe.