Sugar Maple (Hard Maple)
Acer saccharum • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight grain with a fine, even texture. This sample is flat-sawn (plain-sawn) showing subtle cathedral patterns and some light wavy figure. Very closed grain architecture characteristic of the Acer genus.
Color Description
Predominantly light cream to off-white sapwood (which is the primary part used). Heartwood is a darker reddish-brown. Exhibits a moderate luster. With age and UV exposure, it typically turns a deeper golden amber.
Hardness Rating
1,450 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Non-durable; susceptible to decay and insect attack. Generally intended for indoor use only as it has poor resistance to moisture and rot.
Common Uses
Flooring (basketball courts and bowling alleys), kitchen cabinetry, fine furniture, musical instruments (piano frames and guitar necks), cutting boards, and pool cues.
Geographic Origin
Northeastern North America (Eastern United States and Canada)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 - $10.00 per board foot depending on grade and local availability.
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively recent milling (less than 5 years old) based on the lack of deep oxidation/patina and the presence of manufacturing marks and surface stains.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable with FSC certification common.
Workability
Excellent with machine tools; however, it is susceptible to burning if blades are dull or feed rates are too slow. Glues and finishes well, though staining can be blotchy without a pre-conditioner.
Notable Features
Known for its high density and abrasion resistance. High sugar content in the wood can cause it to burn easily when machined. Common allergen is the dust, which can cause respiratory irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Water-based polyurethanes are best to preserve the white color; oil-based finishes will yellow the wood immediately. Shellac or lacquer are also excellent choices.
Identification Confidence
High. The fine grain, light cream color, characteristic 'flat' cathedral peaks, and closed pore structure are diagnostic for Hard Maple (Sugar Maple).