Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Naturally straight or interlocked grain with a fine to medium texture; often exhibits a subtle striped figure when quarter-sawn.
Color Description
Heartwood varies from olive brown to blackish brown, often with lighter or darker streaks. Sapwood is yellowish-white and clearly demarcated. It turns darker and uniform silvery-grey if left unfinished outdoors.
Hardness Rating
3,684 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to fungal decay, termites, and wood-boring insects. Naturally Class A fire-rated.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, heavy construction, boardwalks, piers, tool handles, flooring, and exterior furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil and Bolivia)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 - $18.00 per board foot depending on grade and dimensions.
Wood Age Estimate
Likely 1-5 years post-processing based on visible oxidation, superficial surface dust, and rough-cut edges on the stock pieces.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II (as of late 2022/2024 implementation). Demand is high; FSC certification is recommended to ensure legal logging.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work due to density; highly dulling to cutting edges. Requires carbide-tipped tools. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils; pre-drilling for screws is mandatory.
Notable Features
Distinctive yellow sulfur-like dust (lapachol) produced when sanded, which can cause skin irritation. Sinks in water due to extreme density.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for tropical hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil) are best; film-forming finishes like polyurethane tend to peel.
Identification Confidence
High; the olive-brown oily appearance, high-density fibrous texture, and characteristic yellowish-green lapachol dust visible in the grain are diagnostic for Ipe.