White Oak
Quercus alba • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Generally straight grain with a coarse, uneven texture. Cross-section shows distinct growth rings and large medullary rays (pith rays) radiating from the center.
Color Description
Light to medium brown heartwood, often with an olive cast. Sapwood is nearly white to light brown and clearly demarcated. Exposed end-grain darkens over time due to oxidation.
Hardness Rating
1,360 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot and decay due to the presence of tyloses in the pores, making it water-resistant.
Common Uses
Cabinetry, furniture, interior trim, flooring, boatbuilding, barrels (tight cooperage), and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Eastern North America
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 to $10.00 per board foot depending on grade and width.
Wood Age Estimate
The tree shows approximately 30-40 growth rings; the log log appears freshly cut or seasoned outdoors for less than 6 months based on the peripheral checking and bark attachment.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable with FSC certification common.
Workability
Produces good results with hand and machine tools. Has high shrinkage and can be prone to movement, but glues and finishes well. Reacts with iron (turning blue/black) when wet due to high tannin content.
Notable Features
Distinctively large rays seen in the end grain; has a characteristic 'whiskey barrel' scent when freshly cut. Contains high levels of tannic acid.
Finish Recommendations
Takes stains and finishes well. Oil-based finishes enhance the golden-brown tones, while water-based finishes keep it lighter. Caution: iron-based stains occur if in contact with steel wool.
Identification Confidence
High; the thick, blocky bark (alligator bark pattern), prominent medullary rays on the end grain, and light brown color are classic indicators of Quercus alba.