Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked; very fine texture with a subtle ribbon-like figure visible on the face grain due to density.
Color Description
Heartwood is medium to dark brown, often with olive or reddish tones. Sapwood is yellowish-gray. Luster is low to moderate. It typically grays out to a silver patina when exposed to UV without oiling.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; exceptional resistance to rot, decay, and insect attack, including termites.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, dock components, exterior furniture, heavy construction, and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 - $18.00 per board foot depending on thickness and width; often sold by the linear foot for decking.
Wood Age Estimate
5-10 years based on surface oxidation, minor checking, and the accumulation of environmental debris between boards.
Sustainability Status
Recently added to CITES Appendix II; IUCN status varies by species but generally near threatened due to high demand and slow growth.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls cutting edges rapidly; requires pre-drilling for all fasteners. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Exceedingly heavy (sinks in water); has the same fire rating as concrete and steel; sawdust can cause skin and respiratory irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil specifically formulated for tropical hardwoods (like Ipe Oil). Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling on this oily wood.
Identification Confidence
High; identification is based on the extremely tight grain, characteristic dark brown/olive hue, presence of Torx-head deck screws, and its primary use as a high-end exterior decking material.