Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually interlocked or irregular with a fine to medium texture. Common to see alternating light and dark streaks known as ribbon grain in quarter-sawn surfaces.
Color Description
Heartwood is a deep olive-brown to blackish-brown, sometimes with lighter or darker streaks. Sapwood is yellowish-white. It darkens over time with UV exposure but can weather to a silver-grey in outdoor environments.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot, decay, and insect attack including termites and wood-borers.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, flooring, tool handles, boat building, and heavy construction docks.
Geographic Origin
Tropical America (Central and South America)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Approximately $15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and certification.
Wood Age Estimate
Indeterminate based on photo, but the deep oxidation suggests it is at least a few years old or has been exposed to elements.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (as of 2024); listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to over-harvesting. FSC certification is highly recommended.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls cutting edges rapidly. Interlocked grain can cause significant tearout. Glues poorly due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy and sinks in water. Known for its 'Lapachol' dust, which can be an irritant and turns yellow in alkaline conditions. Fire resistance rating similar to concrete or steel.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (like Ipe Oil). Traditional film finishes like lacquer or poly often fail because the wood is too oily and dense for adhesion.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High. The dark chocolate/olive coloring, visible end-grain density, and characteristic rough-cut texture align with Ipe's physical properties.