Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Uniform to fairly irregular, typically interlocked or wavy. The fine texture appears diffuse-porous with subtle yellowish-green deposits in the pores.
Color Description
Heartwood ranges from olive brown to reddish-brown, often with darker blackish streaks. Sapwood is a lighter yellowish-white. It darkens over time with UV exposure to a deep brown or silver-gray if left unfinished.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot, fungal decay, and termites; often compares to steel in durability and fire resistance.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, piers, tool handles, flooring, furniture, and heavy construction.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (predominantly Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot, though often sold by linear foot for decking.
Wood Age Estimate
Post-harvest age appears to be 1-5 years based on surface oxidation and dry finish; growth age cannot be determined without growth ring analysis.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (recently listed); IUCN Red List status varies by specific species within the group. FSC certification is available but adds cost.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. It has a high blunting effect on cutters. Pre-drilling is essential for screws. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water). Contains lapachol powder which can cause skin irritation. Naturally fire-resistant (Class A rating).
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically designed for exotic hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil). Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling due to natural oils.
Identification Confidence
High. The characteristic reddish-brown hue with dark streaks, extremely fine texture, and visible grain density are classic indicators of Ipe.