Iroko
Milicia excelsa • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Interlocked and coarse-textured; exhibits a visible "fleece" figure with prominent longitudinal vessel lines typical of large-pored tropical hardwoods.
Color Description
Heartwood is a golden to medium brown; darkens significantly over time to a deep chocolate brown. Sapwood is yellowish-white. Shows moderate luster.
Hardness Rating
1,260 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, termites, and weathering. Often used as a lower-cost substitute for Teak.
Common Uses
Outdoor furniture, boat building, flooring, cabinetry, heavy construction, and decking.
Geographic Origin
Tropical Africa (from Ivory Coast to Ethiopia and south to Angola and Mozambique).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Approximately $12.00 - $18.00 per board foot depending on thickness and grain quality.
Wood Age Estimate
The heavy oxidation and surface wear suggest the sample is 20-40 years old, likely salvaged or reclaimed from a structural application.
Sustainability Status
Listed on the IUCN Red List as Near Threatened; not currently CITES listed but regulated in some regions for conservation.
Workability
Generally works well, but interlocked grain can cause significant tearout during surfacing. High mineral content (calcium carbonate deposits) can dull cutting edges rapidly.
Notable Features
Often nicknamed "African Teak" due to its durability. Its dust can be a potent sensitizer and respiratory irritant. Lacks the oily feel of true teak.
Finish Recommendations
Takes stains and finishes well, though a grain filler is often needed for a smooth surface. Marine-grade oils or varnishes recommended for outdoor use.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High; identifying features include the coarse vessel arrangement, characteristic golden-to-dark-brown patina, and interlocked grain structure visible on the face.