Hard Maple (Sugar Maple)
Acer saccharum • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Generally straight and fine with a closed, uniform texture. Shows subtle wavy grain and a few small figure marks resembling light bird's-eye or pin knots. Flat-sawn surface exhibits a soft cathedral pattern.
Color Description
Predominantly light creamy white to off-white sapwood (which is the preferred portion). The heartwood, not fully visible here, tends to be reddish-brown. It has a natural luster and will typically age to a golden-honey yellow over time.
Hardness Rating
1,450 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Non-durable to Perishable. It is susceptible to rot and insect attack if exposed to moisture, making it unsuitable for exterior use.
Common Uses
Flooring (gymnasiums/basketball courts), cabinetry, high-end furniture, cutting boards, bowling pins, musical instruments (piano frames and guitar necks), and veneer.
Geographic Origin
Northeastern North America (United States and Canada)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 to $10.00 per board foot, depending on width and grade (curly or bird's-eye figures command much higher prices).
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively fresh-cut modern stock. The absence of deep oxidation, lack of old fastener holes, and clean surface suggest this is contemporary kiln-dried lumber, likely less than 5 years since milling.
Sustainability Status
Not listed on CITES Appendices or the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable with FSC certification common.
Workability
Fairly easy to work with hand and machine tools, though its high density can lead to burning if blades are dull or feed rates are too slow. Glues and finishes well.
Notable Features
High resistance to abrasion and wear. Does not have a characteristic scent. Known for its "sweet" sap which produces maple syrup. Can cause allergic reactions in some woodworkers during sanding.
Finish Recommendations
Clear topcoats like water-based polyurethane are recommended to maintain the white color. It can be difficult to stain evenly (blotching); a pre-stain conditioner is advised if coloring is desired.
Identification Confidence
High. The creamy color, fine closed grain, and specific luster are hallmarks of Sugar Maple, frequently found in small dimensional scraps like the one pictured.