Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to irregular or interlocked grain with a fine to medium texture. Large open pores are visible on the surface.
Color Description
Reddish brown to olive brown heartwood with a yellowish sapwood. It typically darkens with age and exposure to UV light, often turning a uniform dark brown or silvery gray if left unfinished outdoors.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; highly resistant to rot, decay, and insect attack (termites). Often rated for 25+ years in ground contact.
Common Uses
Decking, flooring, bridge construction, heavy-duty outdoor furniture, boardwalks, Tool handles, and turnery.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (primarily Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on grade and dimensions.
Wood Age Estimate
Based on the oxidation and wear on the handle, the sample appears to be 10-20 years old.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II as of 2024. Many species are listed as Endangered or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to over-harvesting.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density. Dulls tools rapidly; pre-drilling is essential for screws. Glues poorly due to high natural oil content.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy and sinks in water. Can produce a yellow-green dust (lapachol) that may cause skin irritation in some workers. Exceptional fire resistance (Class A rating).
Finish Recommendations
Requires penetrating oils formulated for hardwoods (e.g., tung oil or specialized deck sealers). Water-based finishes often fail due to natural oils.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High; the color, coarse vessel structure, and the apparent density/application as a tool handle are classic indicators of Ipe or Cumaru.