Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked and variable grain; fine to medium texture with a low natural luster.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from reddish brown to a yellowish olive-gray or dark brownish-black; sapwood is yellowish white. It typically darkens with age and may show yellowish 'lapachol' powder in the pores.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Known for extreme longevity in outdoor settings.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, exterior trim, flooring, tool handles, and heavy construction.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (specifically Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 to $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and FSC certification.
Wood Age Estimate
Recently milled or weathered outdoor sample (6-24 months) showing early signs of UV oxidation and 'silvering'.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II; IUCN Red List status varies by specific species, though many are considered threatened due to high demand.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work with hand tools due to density. It has a high blunting effect on machine cutters; carbide-tipped tools are essential. Difficult to glue and pre-drilling is required for fasteners.
Notable Features
Essentially fire-resistant (Class A rating), sinks in water due to high density, and can contain lapachol dust which may cause skin irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (like Ipe Oil); traditionally left to weather to a silver-gray in outdoor applications.
Identification Confidence
High; the olive-brown color, extremely tight and interlocking grain, and characteristic appearance of exterior decking boards are consistent with Ipe.