Ipe
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually straight, but can be interlocked or wavy. Fine to medium texture with a low natural luster. Contains yellowish lapachol powder in the pores.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from reddish brown to a yellowish olive-brown or darker blackish brown; sometimes with contrasting darker brown/black streaks. Sapwood is yellowish or whitish and clearly demarcated.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Excellent resistance to rot, decay, and insect attacks (including termites). Widely used for exterior applications due to high weathering resistance.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, flooring, boatbuilding, dock pilings, heavy construction, tool handles, and furniture.
Geographic Origin
Tropical America (Central and South America); also commercially grown in plantations.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 to $25.00 per board foot depending on thickness and quality.
Wood Age Estimate
The sample appears to be freshly milled or recently planed stock, showing minimal weathering and a vivid brown hue typical of heartwood.
Sustainability Status
Listed in CITES Appendix II as of 2024. Many species are on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. FSC-certified sources are available but becoming more regulated.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work due to high density and hardness. It has a high blunting effect on cutters. Hard to glue and requires pre-drilling for screws. Dust can cause skin and respiratory irritation.
Notable Features
Sinks in water (very high density). Contains lapachol, which can turn yellow in the presence of alkaline solutions. Fire-resistant (Class A rating similar to concrete or steel).
Finish Recommendations
Best left unfinished for outdoor use where it will weather to gray. If finishing, use penetrating oils specifically designed for tropical hardwoods. Avoid film-forming finishes like polyurethane which will peel.
Identification Confidence
High; the deep reddish-olive brown color, extremely fine pores, visible weight/density, and the specific grain pattern on this narrow board are characteristic of Ipe decking.