White Oak
Quercus alba • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Principally straight with prominent large medullary rays visible as radial lines on the end grain. Growth rings are distinct and tightly packed, characteristic of slow-growth hardwoods.
Color Description
Light to medium brown heartwood with a distinct olive cast. Sapwood is light off-white to yellowish-brown and not always sharply demarcated from heartwood. Wood tends to darken slightly with age and exposure to UV.
Hardness Rating
1,360 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Excellent resistance to rot and decay due to the presence of tyloses in the pores, making it suitable for water-tight applications and outdoor use.
Common Uses
Cabinetry, furniture, interior trim, flooring, boat building, barrels (cooperage), and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Eastern North America
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 - $10.00 per board foot depending on grade and width.
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly cut modern log, likely harvested within the last 1-6 months based on the lack of grey oxidation/weathering on the end grain, although radial checking (cracking) indicates significant moisture loss has begun.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in the CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable with FSC certification common.
Workability
Produces good results with hand and machine tools. Has a moderate blunting effect on cutters. Glues, stains, and finishes well. Responds well to steam-bending.
Notable Features
Tyloses in heartwood pores make it nearly impervious to liquids. Contains a high concentration of tannic acid which can react with iron fasteners to cause blue/black staining.
Finish Recommendations
Takes stains and finishes well. Penetrating oils or polyurethane are recommended to highlight the grain and provide protection. If used outdoors, a UV-inhibiting sealer is necessary.
Identification Confidence
High. The presence of large, prominent medullary rays and ring-porous structure visible on the log face, combined with the tan/olive color palette, is classic for Quercus alba.