Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually interlocked or irregular, with a fine to medium texture. Common for the grain to appear wavy or mottled as seen in the sample.
Color Description
Heartwood ranges from olive brown to blackish brown; sapwood is yellowish white. It is known for a slight luster and a classic oily appearance that darkens significantly with UV exposure.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; extremely resistant to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Noted for having the same fire rating as concrete and steel.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, heavy maritime construction, bridge building, tool handles, and high-end outdoor furniture.
Geographic Origin
Tropical South America (specifically Brazil) and parts of Central America.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade; often sold by the linear foot for decking.
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively fresh cut or recently surfaced; showing minimal oxidation or silvering typical of weathered outdoor Ipe.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (effective late 2024); classified as Near Threatened by IUCN. Difficult to find FSC-certified stock.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. Highly abrasive on blades; pre-drilling is required for all fasteners. Glues poorly due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Distinguished by its extreme weight and density (often sinks in water). Produces a lapachol dust that can cause skin irritation/dermatitis.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil). Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling due to oil content.
Identification Confidence
High; the olive-brown hue, characteristic 'fuzzy' interlocked grain texture, and extreme density evidenced by the rough edge are hallmarks of Ipe.