Hard Maple (Sugar Maple)
Acer saccharum • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Generally straight grain with a fine, even texture. Occasionally shows wavy or curly figure; visible flat-sawn cathedral patterns on face grain.
Color Description
Predominantly creamy white sapwood (which is the primary commercial harvest part) with a slight reddish-brown tinge; heartwood is darker reddish brown. Tends to yellow slightly with age and UV exposure. Moderate luster.
Hardness Rating
1,450 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Non-durable to Slightly Durable; susceptible to insect attack and rot if exposed to moisture/ground contact.
Common Uses
Flooring (basketball courts/bowling alleys), furniture, cabinetry, billiard cues, butcher blocks, musical instruments, and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Northeastern North America (Eastern US and Canada).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 - $9.00 per board foot depending on grade and region.
Wood Age Estimate
Modern stock; newly milled with minimal oxidation and sharp, fresh machine-cut edges. Likely harvested and processed within the last 1-3 years.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; generally considered sustainable and widely available with FSC certification options.
Workability
Fairly easy to work with machine tools, though it has a high density that can cause burning with dull router bits or saws. Glues and finishes well, though staining can sometimes be blotchy without a pre-conditioner.
Notable Features
Virtually odorless. High resistance to abrasion and wear. Edible sap is the primary source of maple syrup. Dense and heavy compared to other domestic hardwoods.
Finish Recommendations
Water-based polyurethanes help maintain the white color; oil-based finishes will amber the wood. Shellac and Lacquer also work well. Pre-stain conditioner is recommended if using dark stains.
Identification Confidence
High; the creamy white color, fine closed-pore structure, and characteristic grain swirl are diagnostic for North American Hard Maple used in dimensioned lumber.