Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Typically straight but often interlocked or wavy. Extremely fine, uniform texture. Shows minimal cathedral figuring when flat-sawn, appearing more consistent and dense.
Color Description
Naturally heartwood ranges from reddish-brown to yellowish-olive or dark blackish-brown. When weathered (as shown), it oxidizes to a uniform silver-gray patina. Natural luster is low to medium.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; exceptionally resistant to rot, decay, and insect attack. One of the most durable wood species in the world.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks (like the Coney Island Boardwalk), bridges, heavy-duty flooring, and outdoor furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot (varies by board width and length)
Wood Age Estimate
10-15 years based on the deep silver-gray oxidation, surface checking, and accumulation of lichen/debris between boards.
Sustainability Status
IUCN Red List categorizes several species as Endangered. Listed in CITES Appendix II as of 2024 to regulate international trade.
Workability
Very difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls cutting edges rapidly; requires carbide-tipped tools and pre-drilling for all fasteners. Glues with difficulty due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water); has a Class A fire rating (similar to concrete/steel); contains lapachol (a yellow dust that can cause skin irritation).
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically formulated for exotic hardwoods (like Ipe Oil). Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are not recommended as they will peel.
Identification Confidence
High. The narrow board width, extreme density shown in the lack of deep splintering despite weathering, and the specific way it patinas to a uniform gray are characteristic of high-end tropical decking like Ipe.