Ipe (also known as Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Principally straight to interlocked grain; fine to medium texture. Shows a uniform, fine vessel pattern typical of dense tropical hardwoods.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from a deep olive brown to a dark blackish-brown, often with lighter or darker streaks. Sapwood is typically thinner and yellowish. Wood exhibits a moderate luster and darkens significantly with age and UV exposure.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, decay, termites, and most wood-boring insects. Noted for weathering very well in outdoor environments.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, flooring, tool handles, bridge construction, heavy timber framing, and exterior furniture.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (principally Brazil, but ranges from Mexico to Argentina)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$10.00 - $20.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade (higher for wider/thicker stock)
Wood Age Estimate
The sample appears relatively new or recently surfaced, exhibiting minimal UV silvering or deep patina typical of aged exterior Ipe.
Sustainability Status
CITES Appendix II listed as of 2024. IUCN status varies by specific species within the group; some are endangered. FSC certified material is available but commands a premium.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls cutting edges quickly. Excellent for turning and boring; problematic for gluing due to natural oils. Pre-drilling is mandatory for fasteners.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy and sinks in water. Has a mild, distinctive scent when worked. Often carries a Class A fire rating (same as concrete/steel). Yellowish 'lapachol' powder is often found in the pores.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils designed for dense hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil, Messmer's). Does not take film-forming finishes like polyurethane well due to natural oils and movement.
Identification Confidence
High; the combination of the dark brown-olive color, tight pore structure, and extreme perceived density visible in the grain highlights is characteristic of Ipe.