Yew (European Yew)
Taxus baccata • Softwood (Taxaceae family)
Grain Pattern
Usually straight or slightly wavy, with a very fine, uniform texture. This end-grain sample shows tight, concentric growth rings with some minor irregularities and small clusters of epicormic knobs or knots.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically a reddish orange or brown, sometimes with purplish or dark brown streaks; sapwood is a thin, pale yellow/white. It darkens significantly with age and light exposure, developing a rich patina.
Hardness Rating
1,520 lbf (Hard); remarkably hard for a softwood, exceeding many common hardwoods like White Oak.
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot and decay, though it remains susceptible to insect attack by certain beetles.
Common Uses
Longbows, fine furniture, cabinetry, tool handles, woodturning (bowls), veneer, and small decorative items.
Geographic Origin
Native to Western, Central and Southern Europe, Northwest Africa, and Northern Iran.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot; can be higher for large, clear pieces which are rare due to the tree's growth habit.
Wood Age Estimate
Based on the growth ring count in the cross-section, this branch/stem is approximately 15-20 years old. The freshness of the sapwood suggests it was recently cut (less than 1 year).
Sustainability Status
IUCN Red List: Least Concern. Not CITES listed. However, slow growth makes it a delicate resource; it is often locally protected in many European regions.
Workability
Generally works well despite its high density. It is noted for its exceptional bending properties and takes a very smooth finish. It can be difficult to plane if the grain is interlocked or wavy around knots.
Notable Features
Highly toxic (contains taxine alkaloids) in all parts of the tree except the aril (berry). Distinctive for being one of the densest and hardest softwoods in the world. Historically prized for archery bow production.
Finish Recommendations
Takes all finishes well; high-gloss finishes like lacquer or polyurethane highlight the chatoyance, while simple oils (linseed or tung) enhance its natural deep color.
Identification Confidence
High; the tight growth rings, distinct color contrast between sapwood and heartwood, and the specific waxy texture of the end grain are characteristic of the Taxus genus.