Iroko
Milicia excelsa • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Interlocked grain with a medium to coarse texture; produces a distinct ribbon-stripe figure when quarter-sawn. Surfaces often appear uneven due to the switching grain direction.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically a yellow-brown to golden brown, darkening significantly over time to a rich chocolate brown with light exposure. Sapwood is clearly demarcated and pale yellow.
Hardness Rating
1,260 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, termites, and wood-boring insects. Frequently used as a substitute for Teak in outdoor applications.
Common Uses
Exterior joinery, boat building, flooring, high-end furniture, decking, cabinetry, and veneers.
Geographic Origin
Tropical Africa (West, Central, and East Africa)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$12.00 to $16.00 per board foot depending on figure and availability.
Wood Age Estimate
Based on the weathered silver-gray surface oxidation and dark moisture-induced spotting, this sample appears to be external timber aged 5-10 years.
Sustainability Status
IUCN Red List: Near Threatened. Not currently CITES listed, but populations are decreasing due to heavy harvesting in its native range.
Workability
Challenging due to interlocked grain which often causes tearout during planing. High silica content can dull blades rapidly. Glues and finishes well once surface oils are managed.
Notable Features
Often called African Teak. It has a slightly greasy feel and contains calcium carbonate deposits (stone-like pockets) which can damage tools. Dust can cause skin and respiratory irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Wiping oils (teak or tung oil) to enhance the darkening process. Use a grain filler for smooth surfaces. Exterior-grade polyurethanes if used outdoors to maintain color.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High; the coarse texture, visible interlocked grain, typical yellowish-brown weathering, and characteristic dark mineral spots are diagnostic of Iroko.