Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked and sometimes wavy; fine-to-medium texture with a very uniform grain appearance.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically reddish brown to yellowish olive-brown or blackish brown; sapwood is yellowish white. It darkens significantly upon exposure to light and takes on a deep, oily luster.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, decay, and insect attack (termites). Often rated Class A for fire resistance.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, flooring, railroad ties, tool handles, archery bows, and heavy construction.
Geographic Origin
Tropical South and Central America (primarily Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and FSC certification.
Wood Age Estimate
The sample appears modern and freshly cut or milled, showing minimal oxidation or UV graying common in aged outdoor Ipe.
Sustainability Status
Appears on CITES Appendix II; listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List due to over-exploitation and habitat loss.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness; has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Pre-drilling is mandatory for fasteners and gluing can be difficult due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (it sinks in water); contains lapachol (a yellow dust that can cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals); faint or no scent.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically designed for exotic hardwoods (like Ipe Oil) are best; film-forming finishes like polyurethane often fail or peel due to the wood's natural oils.
Identification Confidence
High; the characteristic reddish-brown color, extremely dense grain structure, and the presence of fine yellow powdery deposits (lapachol) are diagnostic for Ipe.