Hard Maple (Sugar Maple)
Acer saccharum • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Generally straight and fine, even texture. Shows occasional cathedral patterns on flat-sawn faces and very subtle growth rings. The sample appears relatively clear of figure like curly or bird's eye.
Color Description
Predominantly creamy white to off-white sapwood (which is the primary commercial portion). Heartwood is a darker reddish brown. Luster is naturally high; tends to age to a golden yellow or amber over time and UV exposure.
Hardness Rating
1,450 lbf (Hard)
Durability Rating
Non-durable to Slightly Durable; susceptible to decay and insect attack if used outdoors or in high-moisture environments.
Common Uses
Flooring (basketball courts, bowling alleys), cutting boards, butcher blocks, cabinetry, fine furniture, musical instruments (piano frames and violins), and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Northeastern North America (USA and Canada).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 - $9.00 per board foot (depending on region and grade).
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively modern stock (less than 10 years). The lack of deep oxidation or graying suggests it was recently surfaced or stored indoors in a dry environment.
Sustainability Status
Not listed on CITES Appendices or the IUCN Red List; widely available as FSC certified and generally considered highly sustainable.
Workability
Good overall, though its high density can cause burning with dull router bits or saw blades. glues and finishes well, though it can be difficult to stain evenly due to its tight grain; pre-conditioning is recommended.
Notable Features
Virtually odorless and tasteless, making it the preferred choice for food-related items. High resistance to abrasion and indentation. Known for high tannin content.
Finish Recommendations
Water-based polyurethanes help maintain the white color; oil-based finishes will immediately yellow/amber the wood. Excellent results with shellac or lacquer. Sanding to high grits (220+) is necessary for a smooth finish.
Identification Confidence
High. The creamy color, tight grain structure, characteristic cathedral patterns, and lack of visible pores (diffuse-porous) are definitive hallmarks of hard maple.