Black Walnut
Juglans nigra • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually straight, but can be irregular. Shows a medium texture with relatively large, open pores typical of the semi-ring-porous species. Surface shows characteristic dark streaks and some subtle cathedral figuring common in flat-sawn sections.
Color Description
Heartwood ranges from a lighter pale brown to a dark chocolate brown with even darker brown streaks. Color can sometimes have a grey, purple, or reddish cast. Sapwood is pale yellow-gray to nearly white. Over time, it typically lightens slightly and develops a warm golden-brown patina.
Hardness Rating
1,010 lbf (Medium)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; heartwood is highly resistant to decay and rot, though it is susceptible to insect attack. It is one of the most durable domestic hardwoods in North America.
Common Uses
High-end furniture, cabinetry, gunstocks, interior trim, flooring, veneer, turned objects, and musical instruments (especially acoustic guitars).
Geographic Origin
Eastern United States and parts of Eastern Canada.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$12.00 to $20.00 per board foot depending on width, thickness, and figure.
Wood Age Estimate
Modern era; surface indicates a contemporary milled finish with standard oxidation consistent with residential use in the last 10-20 years.
Sustainability Status
Not listed in CITES Appendices or on the IUCN Red List; widely available and generally considered sustainable with FSC certification often available.
Workability
Generally easy to work with both hand and machine tools. It planes and sands well, though figured pieces can cause tearout. Glues, stains, and finishes very well, though it is rarely stained to preserve its natural beauty.
Notable Features
Faint, mild odor when being worked. Known for its excellent dimensional stability and shock resistance. Contains juglone, which can be an allergen for some individuals during sanding.
Finish Recommendations
Responds excellently to oil-based finishes (tung oil or linseed oil) which enhance the depth and chatoyance. Clear polyurethane or lacquer is also common for protective topcoats. Wipe-on finishes are highly recommended.
Identification Confidence
Medium-High; the open grain structure, characteristic dark brown color with streaks, and pore distribution are highly consistent with Juglans nigra, though some stained Ash or Oak can occasionally mimic the look.