Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Straight to interlocked with a fine to medium texture; often shows a subtle ribbon-stripe or cathedral pattern if flat-sawn. The interlocked grain can cause significant tearout.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically reddish-brown to a yellowish olive-brown, sometimes with darker blackish stripes. Sapwood is yellowish-white. It tends to darken or gray out significantly upon exposure to UV light unless treated.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, termites, insects, and decay. One of the most durable woods in the world with a high natural silica content.
Common Uses
Luxury decking, siding, boardwalks, heavy-duty outdoor furniture, flooring, tool handles, and marine construction.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (specifically Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
High; typically ranges from $10.00 to $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade.
Wood Age Estimate
The sample appears relatively fresh or recently surfaced, showing minimal deep oxidation or weathering, likely less than 1-2 years old.
Sustainability Status
CITES Appendix II listed; IUCN status varies by specific species within the Handroanthus genus but generally faces high pressure from illegal logging; FSC certification is recommended.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. Dulls blades rapidly; requires carbide-tipped tools and pre-drilling for all fasteners. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils and high density.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water); has a faint, spicy scent when worked. Often contains 'lapachol' powder in the pores which can turn yellow or greenish-white. High fire resistance rating (often Class A).
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil-based finishes designed for tropical hardwoods (e.g., Ipe Oil) are best for UV protection. Avoid film-forming finishes like polyurethane which will peel. Natural weathering to a silver-gray is a common low-maintenance option.
Identification Confidence
High; the deep reddish-brown color, characteristic pore structure, visible fiber density, and general oily appearance are hallmark indicators of Ipe.