Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Typically straight but often interlocked and irregular; fine to medium texture with a low natural luster.
Color Description
Heartwood is a deep olive brown to dark blackish brown, sometimes with reddish or yellowish hues. Sapwood is yellowish-gray. Darkens significantly upon exposure to light.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; highly resistant to rot, termites, and fungal decay. Often used as a benchmark for longevity in exterior settings.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, flooring, docks, heavy construction, furniture, and tool handles.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (predominantly Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade.
Wood Age Estimate
Freshly milled to recently oxidized; showing deep color saturation with minimal silvering or environmental weathering.
Sustainability Status
Appeared in CITES Appendix II in 2022; IUCN Red List classifies several species as Vulnerable due to over-harvesting. FSC certification is available but rare.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density; has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Pre-drilling is essential. Glues poorly due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy; has a Class A fire rating (similar to concrete/steel). Contains Lapachol powder which can cause dermatitis. Sinks in water.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oils specifically formulated for tropical hardwoods (like Ipe Oil); avoid film-forming finishes which will peel.
Identification Confidence
High; the olive-brown oily appearance, tight grain texture, extreme density (noted by structural thickness), and characteristic small surface checking are diagnostic of Ipe.