Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually straight, but can also be interlocked or wavy; features a fine to medium texture with a low natural luster.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from a reddish brown to a more yellowish olive brown or blackish brown; sapwood is typically much lighter and yellowish. It darkens significantly with age and UV exposure.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot, decay, and insect attack (termites). Often rated for 25+ years in ground contact.
Common Uses
Exterior decking, boardwalks, flooring, veneers, tool handles, bridge construction, and heavy outdoor furniture.
Geographic Origin
Tropical South America (notably Brazil), Central America, and parts of the Caribbean.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$15.00 to $22.00 per board foot, though often sold by linear foot for decking applications.
Wood Age Estimate
The board shows signs of modern milling with light oxidation; likely harvested and processed within the last 5-10 years.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (as of late 2024); listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable due to over-exploitation. FSC certification is available but adds a premium.
Workability
Extremely difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. It has a high blunting effect on cutters; drilling of pilot holes is essential for fasteners.
Notable Features
Produces a yellow-green dust (lapachol) which can cause skin irritation; has a fire rating similar to concrete and steel; is so dense that it sinks in water.
Finish Recommendations
Due to high oil content, it does not take stains well. Penetrating oils specifically formulated for exotic woods (like Ipe Oil) are recommended to maintain color.
Identification Confidence
High; the characteristic oily surface, coarse texture, deep reddish-brown color, and extreme density shown in fiber tear-outs are consistent with Ipe.