Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Usually straight, but often interlocked or wavy. Fine to medium texture with a low natural luster.
Color Description
Heartwood can vary from a yellowish olive-brown to a blackish brown; sapwood is much lighter yellow. Features subtle chatoyance and darkens slightly upon exposure to UV light or with oil finishes.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot, fungal decay, and termites; often used in marine environments or high-traffic outdoor areas.
Common Uses
Outdoor decking, boardwalks, flooring, tool handles, bridge construction, heavy-duty exterior furniture, and turned objects.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (predominantly Brazil)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Approximately $15.00 - $25.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and certification.
Wood Age Estimate
Relatively recent milling (under 5 years) based on the lack of silvering/graying and the sharp, machined circular edges.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (as of 2024); listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List due to overharvesting. FSC certification is highly recommended.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. Has a severe blunting effect on cutting edges; drilling pilot holes is mandatory. Glues can be problematic due to natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (sinks in water); has a distinct mild scent when cut; contains lapachol dust which can cause skin and respiratory irritation.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes (like teak or tung oil) are best. Surface films like polyurethane often fail due to the wood's density and oils. Can be left unfinished to age to a silver-gray.
Identification Confidence
High. The characteristic yellowish 'lapachol' deposits visible in the end-grain pores, the extreme density indicated by the fine grain, and the specific olive-brown hue are hallmark traits of Ipe.