Black Walnut
Juglans nigra • Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Principally straight with some irregular swirling; cathedral patterns visible in background. Evidence of diffuse-porous structure characteristic of Walnut.
Color Description
Medium to dark brown heartwood with deep chocolate undertones. Surface shows significant graying and darkening due to oxidation, soot, and accumulated patina. Lacks the yellow hues of oak or red of mahogany.
Hardness Rating
1,010 lbf (Medium)
Durability Rating
Durable to Very Durable. Highly resistant to heartwood decay, though sapwood is susceptible to insect attack, as evidenced by small borer holes.
Common Uses
High-end furniture, cabinetry, interior trim, gunstocks, veneer, and turned objects.
Geographic Origin
Eastern United States and Ontario, Canada.
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Approximately $12.00 to $18.00 per board foot for reclaimed vintage material, though raw lumber varies by grade.
Wood Age Estimate
Estimated 80-120 years old based on the deep oxidation patina, heavy accumulation of surface contaminants, and circular saw marks visible underneath the wear.
Sustainability Status
Not CITES listed and classified as Least Concern by the IUCN; however, widely affected by Thousand Cankers Disease in some regions.
Workability
Excellent workability with both hand and machine tools. Planes and sands very smooth. Glues and finishes exceptionally well, though it can give off a distinct nutty odor when worked.
Notable Features
Distinctive mild, spicy scent when freshly cut. Contains juglone, which can be an allergen for some woodworkers. Known for excellent dimensional stability.
Finish Recommendations
Oil-based finishes (tung or linseed) to enhance the deep brown tones, or a shellac/wax finish for a period-accurate restoration. Avoid heavy stains that mask the natural grain.
Identification Confidence
Medium. The dark chocolate color and grain density strongly suggest Walnut, but the heavy surface degradation and insect damage (pinholes) make it difficult to distinguish from some species of Butternut or highly weathered Elm without clear end grain.