Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Exhibits a very fine, uniform texture with grain that ranges from straight to wildly interlocked or wavy. The sample shows a subtle, tight ribbon-like appearance common in high-density tropical woods.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically reddish-brown to a deep olive-brown, often with darker blackish streaks. Sapwood is a distinct yellowish-gray. It has a low to moderate natural luster and tends to darken significantly to a deep brown upon exposure to UV light if not maintained.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot, decay, and xylophagous insects (termites). Often cited as having a fire rating similar to concrete or steel.
Common Uses
High-end outdoor decking, boardwalks, exterior siding, heavy-duty marine construction, tool handles, and turned objects.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (primarily Brazil).
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
Ranges from $12.00 to $22.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and certification.
Wood Age Estimate
Based on the oxidation level and surface wear, the wood appears to have been milled and exposed to an indoor or semi-protected environment for 2-5 years.
Sustainability Status
As of early 2023, certain species are listed under CITES Appendix II to monitor international trade due to over-harvesting. FSC certification is available but adds significant cost.
Workability
Difficult to work due to extreme density and hardness. It has a severe dulling effect on cutting edges. Interlocked grain is prone to tearout during planing. Difficult to glue without surface preparation to remove natural oils.
Notable Features
Extremely heavy (it sinks in water); contains lapachol compounds which can cause skin irritation and produce a yellow/green dust when sanded. Has a faint, spicy scent when worked.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating oil finishes specifically formulated for hardwoods (like tung or linseed oil bases) are best. Film-forming finishes like polyurethane are prone to peeling due to the wood's natural oils and density.
Identification Confidence
High. The combination of olive-brown heartwood, extreme grain density, yellowish sapwood transition, and the characteristic fine-textured surface pores is diagnostic for Ipe.