Ipe (Brazilian Walnut)
Handroanthus spp. (formerly Tabebuia spp.) • Exotic/Tropical Hardwood
Grain Pattern
Predominantly straight to slightly interlocked grain with a fine to medium-uniform texture. Some boards may show cathedral figure depending on the cut, but the sample exhibits the characteristic oily, dense, and slightly fuzzy surface texture common in Ipe.
Color Description
Heartwood is typically a reddish-brown to dark olive brown, sometimes with darker blackish streaks. Sapwood is yellowish-white. It has a moderate natural luster. With age and exposure to UV, it typically weathers to a uniform silvery-gray unless oiled.
Hardness Rating
3,510 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability Rating
Very Durable. Exceptional resistance to rot, fungal decay, and termites. It is one of the most durable woods in the world, often lasting 25+ years in ground contact.
Common Uses
Luxury decking, siding, boardwalks, piers, outdoor furniture, tool handles, and heavy construction.
Geographic Origin
Central and South America (primarily Brazil and Peru)
Market Value & Sustainability
Estimated Market Value
$6.00 to $12.00 per board foot depending on dimensions and grade.
Wood Age Estimate
The board shows signs of weathering and surface oxidation suggesting an age of 5 to 10 years in service. The fuzzy edges and graying in the grain indicate significant outdoor exposure.
Sustainability Status
Appendix II of CITES (recently listed); listed as 'Vulnerable' by the IUCN in some regions due to over-harvesting. FSC-certified stocks are available but carry a premium.
Workability
Difficult due to extreme density and hardness. It has a high dulling effect on cutting edges. Pre-drilling is mandatory for fasteners. Gluing can be difficult due to natural oils.
Notable Features
It has the same fire rating as concrete and steel (Class A). It is so dense that it sinks in water. The dust can cause skin and respiratory irritation for some woodworkers.
Finish Recommendations
Penetrating hardwood oils (such as Penofin or Ipe Oil) are best for maintaining color. It does not accept surface films like polyurethane well because its natural oils cause peeling.
Identification Confidence
High. The color variation, dense grain structure, extreme hardness visible in the lack of compression marks, and the specific way the wood fibers are fraying at the edges are hallmarks of Ipe used in decking.