Yew (European Yew)
Taxus baccata · Softwood (Taxaceae family)
- Type
- Softwood (Taxaceae family)
- Origin
- Native to Western, Central and Southern Europe, Northwest Africa, and Northern Iran.
- Hardness
- 1,520 lbf (Hard); remarkably hard for a softwood, exceeding many common hardwoods like White Oak.
- Durability
- Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot and decay, though it remains susceptible to insect attack by certain beetles.
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Grain Pattern
Usually straight or slightly wavy, with a very fine, uniform texture. This end-grain sample shows tight, concentric growth rings with some minor irregularities and small clusters of epicormic knobs or knots.
Color & Appearance
Heartwood is typically a reddish orange or brown, sometimes with purplish or dark brown streaks; sapwood is a thin, pale yellow/white. It darkens significantly with age and light exposure, developing a rich patina.
Hardness (Janka)
1,520 lbf (Hard); remarkably hard for a softwood, exceeding many common hardwoods like White Oak.
Durability & Decay Resistance
Very Durable; excellent resistance to rot and decay, though it remains susceptible to insect attack by certain beetles.
Value & Sustainability
- Estimated Market Value
- $15.00 - $25.00 per board foot; can be higher for large, clear pieces which are rare due to the tree's growth habit.
- Wood Age Estimate
- Based on the growth ring count in the cross-section, this branch/stem is approximately 15-20 years old. The freshness of the sapwood suggests it was recently cut (less than 1 year).
- Sustainability Status
- IUCN Red List: Least Concern. Not CITES listed. However, slow growth makes it a delicate resource; it is often locally protected in many European regions.
Common Uses
Longbows, fine furniture, cabinetry, tool handles, woodturning (bowls), veneer, and small decorative items.
Geographic Origin
Native to Western, Central and Southern Europe, Northwest Africa, and Northern Iran.
Workability
Generally works well despite its high density. It is noted for its exceptional bending properties and takes a very smooth finish. It can be difficult to plane if the grain is interlocked or wavy around knots.
Finish Recommendations
Takes all finishes well; high-gloss finishes like lacquer or polyurethane highlight the chatoyance, while simple oils (linseed or tung) enhance its natural deep color.
Notable Features
Highly toxic (contains taxine alkaloids) in all parts of the tree except the aril (berry). Distinctive for being one of the densest and hardest softwoods in the world. Historically prized for archery bow production.
