Lignum Vitae
Guaiacum officinale or Guaiacum sanctum · Exotic/Tropical
- Type
- Exotic/Tropical
- Origin
- Central America and the Caribbean
- Hardness
- 4,500 lbf (Extremely Hard)
- Durability
- Very Durable. Exceptionally resistant to decay, rot, and insect attacks; historically used for submerged applications.
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Grain Pattern
Tight, interlocked, and heavily spiraled grain following a radial pattern around the sphere; very fine texture.
Color & Appearance
Dark olive green to brownish black heartwood with faint yellowish sapwood traces. Heartwood darkens significantly with age and light exposure. High natural luster due to resin content.
Hardness (Janka)
4,500 lbf (Extremely Hard)
Durability & Decay Resistance
Very Durable. Exceptionally resistant to decay, rot, and insect attacks; historically used for submerged applications.
Value & Sustainability
- Estimated Market Value
- $50.00 - $90.00 per board foot (rarely sold in boards, usually by weight or small blocks).
- Wood Age Estimate
- Estimated 40-70 years based on deep oxidation, surface patina, and characteristic micro-checking from long-term drying.
- Sustainability Status
- CITES Appendix II listed; IUCN status: Endangered. Extremely limited trade and strictly regulated.
Common Uses
Bearing bushings, mallet heads, tool handles, pulley wheels, ship propeller shaft bearings, and high-end woodturning.
Geographic Origin
Central America and the Caribbean
Workability
Very difficult to work. Prone to severe tearout during machining due to interlocked grain; high oil content makes gluing difficult but allows for a self-polishing finish.
Finish Recommendations
Natural buffing is best using the wood's own oils; shellac or lacquer can be used if surface is wiped with solvent first, though often left unfinished.
Notable Features
Unique perfume-like scent; high natural oil content (guaiac gum) makes it self-lubricating. It is one of the heaviest woods in the world and sinks in water.
