Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus)
Ailanthus altissima · Hardwood
- Type
- Hardwood
- Origin
- Native to China and Taiwan; heavily naturalized and invasive across North America, Europe, and parts of Australia.
- Hardness
- Approx. 1,000 to 1,200 lbf (Medium); comparable to Black Walnut or American Elm.
- Durability
- Non-durable to Slightly Durable; very susceptible to decay and insect attack if left outdoors or in contact with soil.
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Grain Pattern
Straight, coarse grain with a ring-porous structure; similar in appearance to Ash or White Oak when milled.
Color & Appearance
Heartwood is typically pale yellow to light brown with occasional greenish tints; sapwood is wide and creamy white. It holds its light color fairly well but can yellow slightly with age.
Hardness (Janka)
Approx. 1,000 to 1,200 lbf (Medium); comparable to Black Walnut or American Elm.
Durability & Decay Resistance
Non-durable to Slightly Durable; very susceptible to decay and insect attack if left outdoors or in contact with soil.
Value & Sustainability
- Estimated Market Value
- Very low; usually considered a weed tree with no commercial timber value. Locally sourced logs are often free or sold as low-grade firewood.
- Wood Age Estimate
- The sample appears to be a young branch or sapling, likely 3 to 5 years old based on bark thickness and stem diameter.
- Sustainability Status
- Not listed on CITES or IUCN Red List; considered a highly invasive noxious weed in many regions, making its harvest environmentally beneficial.
Common Uses
Low-cost furniture, pallets, crates, firewood, and occasionally as a veneer or turned object by hobbyists.
Geographic Origin
Native to China and Taiwan; heavily naturalized and invasive across North America, Europe, and parts of Australia.
Workability
Generally easy to work with both hand and machine tools, though it has a tendency to fuzz during sanding. Glues and finishes well.
Finish Recommendations
Standard clear coats like polyurethane or lacquer; takes stains reasonably well due to its porous nature.
Notable Features
Often referred to as 'stink tree' due to the offensive, nut-like or rancid odor of the crushed leaves and freshly cut wet wood. Can cause dermatitis in sensitive individuals.
